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Exocarpos menziesii

Stauffer (1959)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Santalopsida Order: Santalales Family: Santalaceae Genus: Exocarpos

au, heau

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or small trees 0.5–2 m tall.

Stems: Stems densely branched, especially toward the ends, the tips conspicuously maroon–tinged.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple (usually only scale-like, occasionally a few foliaceous ones present). Alternate, rarely subopposite. Blades foliaceous leaves elliptic to oblanceolate, 10–14(–25) mm long, 3–6 mm wide. Base cuneate to attenuate. Margins entire. Secondary veins arising at the leaf base and running parallel to the midrib. Sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal and axillary spikes. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla of 5 petals, red, ca. 3 mm long. Stamens (4–)5; all more or less similar in shape. Ovary partly superior, embedded in a fleshy receptacle; ovule 1, embedded in the placenta and scarcely differentiated from it (the placental column could be taken as a single massive ovule).

Fruit: Drupes reddish brown to red at maturity; ellipsoid to narrowly ovoid; 7–10 mm long; the exposed portion above the receptacle 3–6 mm long; apex rounded and with a small terminal beak or 3 inconspicuous indentations; partially embedded in a yellow; fleshy receptacle.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Scattered in open 'ahi'o shrubland or on lava flows with sparse vegetation;.

Elevation Range: 1,400–2,100 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Not in flora
Lana'i Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 213: 148 (1959)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1218 (L, H); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./St.John 22596 BISH (L†, 1947)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Railliardia, Argyroxiphium, +. Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1963-09-26
2 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details scrub at lower tree line Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22596 Lanai BISH 1947-04-04
3 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open; stunted vegetation on dry pahoehoe lava Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5056 Hawaii BISH 1974-10-08
4 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry native shrub community with scattered 'ohi'a and other native trees. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 3831 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-12
5 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Occasional on aa lava flow in very sparse vegetation Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 41643 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-22
6 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details scrub near Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 31224 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-20
7 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Restricted to a narrow belt on pahoehoe lava. Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 530 Hawaii BISH 1943-04-16
8 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details decumbent, open scrub Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26683 Hawaii BISH 1971-06-24
9 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details lava Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 31379 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-20
10 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Myrsine, Dodonaea, Vaccinium and Styphelia on aa substratum Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 5234 Hawaii BISH 1977-01-13
11 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Cinders absent coming down from Hualalei. Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 267 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-27
12 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details arid, open Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20166 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-25
13 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details native shrub and trees, ohia Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1816 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-15
14 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Full sun. Dry 'ohi'a forest with mixed native trees and a native shrub and mixed grass understory. Occasional; growing on semi-pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1096 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-16
15 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry native shrub community with scattered 'ohi'a and other native trees. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 2294 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-12
16 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details cinders, arid plain; with Metrosideros, Styphelia, Vaccinium Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 31258 Hawaii BISH 1967-07-09
17 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open Metrosideros scrub Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1993 Hawaii BISH 1971-07-14
18 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details plains, on lava flows Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-01
19 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In full sun. Dry 'ohi'a forest with mixed native trees and a native shrub and mixed grass understory. Occasional. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1188 Hawaii BISH 1978-08-10
20 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rare. Preserved_Specimen Mizuno, R.T. Hawaii BISH 1970-09-07
21 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Scrub vegetation of Metrosideros, Railliardia, Deschampsia & Styphelia. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1741 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-27
22 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details narrow belt on pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 530 Hawaii BISH 1943-04-16
23 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic pioneer ohia forest with other native trees and a matted-fern, native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 687 Hawaii BISH 1976-06-07
24 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Occasional in open scrub Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 41656 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-22
25 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details volcanic ash with Dodonaea, Metrosideros, Wikstroemia, Santalum Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5899 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
26 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open forest, mainly Metrosideros, on Aa-lava. Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5893 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
27 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Volcanic ash with low shrubby open vegetation, with Dodonaea, Metrosideros, Wikstroemia, Santalum etc. Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5901 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
28 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open forest, mainly Metrosideros on `a`a lava. Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5894 Hawaii BISH 1964-06-19
29 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10051 Hawaii BISH 1912-02-13
30 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On arid lava in open Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20166 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-25
31 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Volcanic Ash with low open shrubby vegetation, with Dodonaea, Metrosideros, Wikstroemia, Santalum etc. Preserved_Specimen Stauffer, H.U. 5899 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
32 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details stunted sandalwoods, crevices of aa lava, windblown Preserved_Specimen Hansen, V. Hawaii BISH 1963-06-27
33 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 218 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-27
34 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Bennett, T. 78 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-01
35 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Jaggar, Mrs.T. 12460 Hawaii BISH
36 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Greenwell, A.B.H. 21397 Hawaii BISH 1950-01-01
37 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 429 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-01
38 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1963-08-21
39 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Jaggar, Mrs.T. 12460 Hawaii BISH 1939-09-20
40 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 267 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-27
41 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1928-07-01
42 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hansen, Mrs.V. Hawaii BISH 1963-04-01
43 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1963-08-21
44 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
45 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1964-05-24
46 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 299 BISH 1864-01-01
47 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 511 BISH 1851-01-01
48 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen U.S. Exploring Expedition BISH 1838-01-01
49 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1737 Hawaii BISH 1965-04-20
50 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1928-07-01
51 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen U.S. Exploring Expedition Hawaii BISH
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